STUD LINK CHAIN FOR SHIPS
Stud Link Chain, also known as SLAC (Stud Link Anchor Chain) is the primary type of chain cable used by ships on the maritime industry, and is manufactured in grade 2 and 3 for serious applications. Small yachts also use DIN 766 studless chain, or other grades of stud link chain, but their use is avoided by ships and larger vessels due to poor performance and lower quality.
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Grade 2 and Grade 3 stud link chains are used on different applications due to their different mechanical properties.
For regular stockless or High Holding Power HHP anchors grade 2, U2 or K2 stud link chain cables should be used. Grade 3, U3 or K3 stud link chain should be used for Super High Holding Power SHHP anchors.
TECHNICAL DETAILS - SLAC
MATERIAL QUALITY CONTROL
Anchor chain cables can be manufactured with different types of steel. Here at Bilbao we only use a few selected steel casts to satisfy our strict quality control policies.
For grade 2 chain cables our preferred steel type is S355J2 Non-Alloy Structural Steel. For grade 3 anchor chain we prefer S690QL High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Structural Steel. Both of these types of steel are rich in silicon, which creates a thin protective oxide layer that prevents corrosion when underwater.
ELEMENT | GRADE U2 CONTENT | GRADE U3 CONTENT |
CARBON (C) | 0.24 | 0.33 |
MANGANESE (Mn) | 0.50 to 1.60 | 0.60 to 1.90 |
SILICON (Si) | 0.15 to 1.55 | 0.15 to 0.55 |
PHOSPHORUS (P) | 0.035 | 0.035 |
SULFUR (S) | 0.035 | 0.035 |
ALUMINIUM (Al) | 0.020 to 0.065 | 0.020 to 0.065 |
NITROGEN (N) | - | 0.015 |
We purposefully include small contents of nigrogen (N) in the steel of our grade 3 stud link chains since it is a powerful microalloying elemnt. It contributes to the strength of the material without the need of increasing the content of carbon.
Some manufacturers choose to increase the amount of carbon, but we choose nitrogen as an alternative since it is critical for ensuring the weldability of our chains, and maintaining its desired toughness.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | GRADE U2 | GRADE U3 |
YIELD STRENGTH | Min 295 (N/mm^2) | Min 410 (N/mm^2) |
TENSILE STRENGTH | 490 to 690 (N/mm^2) | Min 690 (N/mm^2) |
MIN ELONGATION | 22% | 17% |
MIN AREA REDUCTION | - | 40% |
MIN AVERAGE ENERGY | 27 J | 60 J |
The extremely high quality of our materials are reflected on the mechanical properties of the grade U2 and U3 stud link anchor chains from Bilbao.
Our moderately high content in manganese increases the strength and toughness of our steel used on the chains, while deoxidizing it during production, which is fundamental to prevent cracking.
We carefully choose the contents of aluminium in our steel, since it interacts with nitrogen, stabilizing it and forming aluminium nitrides on the process. Morover, our presence of aluminium increases toughness and weldability, as desired.
There are 60 standard sizes of stud link chain for ships, each manufactured in a different grade, and thus serving a different purpose. Choosing the right chain for your ship is an important task, and our table of measurements, weights, sizes, break loads and proof loads aims to make this process more straight forward.
STUD LINK MEASUREMENTS
CHAIN Ø (MM) | WEIGHT PER METER (kgs) | WEIGHT PER LINK (kgs) | U2 PROOF LOAD (kN) | U2 MBL (kN) | U3 PROOF LOAD (kN) | U3 MBL (kN) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12.5 | 3.5 | 0.17 | 66 | 92 | - | - |
14 | 4.4 | 0.24 | 82 | 116 | - | - |
16 | 5.8 | 0.36 | 107 | 150 | - | - |
17.5 | 7.0 | 0.47 | 127 | 179 | - | - |
19 | 8 | 0.7 | 150 | 211 | - | - |
20.5 | 9 | 0.8 | 175 | 244 | 244 | 349 |
22 | 11 | 1 | 200 | 280 | 280 | 401 |
24 | 13 | 1 | 237 | 332 | 332 | 476 |
26 | 15 | 2 | 278 | 389 | 389 | 556 |
28 | 17 | 2 | 321 | 449 | 449 | 642 |
30 | 21 | 2.4 | 368 | 514 | 514 | 735 |
32 | 23.9 | 2.9 | 417 | 583 | 583 | 833 |
34 | 27 | 3.4 | 468 | 655 | 655 | 937 |
36 | 30.2 | 4.0 | 523 | 732 | 732 | 1050 |
38 | 33.7 | 4.7 | 581 | 812 | 812 | 1160 |
40 | 37.1 | 5.5 | 640 | 896 | 896 | 1280 |
42 | 40.5 | 6.4 | 703 | 981 | 981 | 1400 |
44 | 44.3 | 7.4 | 769 | 1080 | 1080 | 1540 |
46 | 48.5 | 8.5 | 837 | 1170 | 1170 | 1680 |
48 | 52.8 | 9.8 | 908 | 1270 | 1270 | 1810 |
50 | 57 | 11 | 981 | 1370 | 1370 | 1960 |
52 | 62 | 13 | 1060 | 1480 | 1480 | 2110 |
54 | 66 | 14 | 1140 | 1590 | 1590 | 2270 |
56 | 71 | 16 | 1220 | 1710 | 1710 | 2430 |
58 | 77 | 17 | 1290 | 1810 | 1810 | 2600 |
60 | 83 | 19 | 1380 | 1940 | 1940 | 2770 |
62 | 88 | 21 | 1470 | 2060 | 2060 | 2940 |
64 | 94 | 23 | 1560 | 2190 | 2190 | 3130 |
66 | 100 | 25 | 1660 | 2310 | 2310 | 3300 |
68 | 107 | 27 | 1750 | 2450 | 2450 | 3500 |
70 | 114 | 30 | 1840 | 2580 | 2580 | 3690 |
73 | 124 | 34 | 1990 | 2790 | 2790 | 3990 |
76 | 135 | 39 | 2150 | 3010 | 3010 | 4300 |
78 | 142 | 42 | 2260 | 3160 | 3160 | 4500 |
81 | 154 | 46 | 2410 | 3380 | 3380 | 4820 |
84 | 166 | 52 | 2580 | 3610 | 3610 | 5160 |
87 | 178 | 58 | 2750 | 3850 | 3850 | 5500 |
90 | 189 | 64 | 2920 | 4090 | 4090 | 5840 |
92 | 19 | 68 | 3040 | 4260 | 4260 | 6080 |
95 | 211 | 75 | 3230 | 4510 | 4510 | 6440 |
97 | 220 | 80 | 3340 | 4680 | 4680 | 6690 |
100 | 234 | 88 | 3530 | 4940 | 4940 | 7060 |
102 | 243 | 93 | 3660 | 5120 | 5120 | 7320 |
105 | 241 | 112 | 3850 | 5390 | 5390 | 7700 |
107 | 266 | 109 | 3980 | 5570 | 5570 | 7960 |
111 | 287 | 120 | 4250 | 5940 | 5940 | 8480 |
114 | 304 | 130 | 4440 | 6230 | 6230 | 8890 |
117 | 317 | 142 | 4650 | 6510 | 6510 | 9300 |
120 | 315 | 167 | 4850 | 6810 | 6810 | 9720 |
122 | 345 | 160 | 5000 | 7000 | 7000 | 9990 |
124 | 337 | 184 | 5140 | 7200 | 7200 | 10280 |
127 | 375 | 182 | 5350 | 7490 | 7490 | 10710 |
130 | 370 | 212 | 5570 | 7800 | 7800 | 11140 |
132 | 400 | 205 | 5720 | 8000 | 8000 | 11420 |
137 | 436 | 230 | 6080 | 8510 | 8510 | 12160 |
142 | 467 | 255 | 6450 | 9030 | 9030 | 12900 |
147 | 489 | 280 | 6830 | 9560 | 9560 | 13660 |
152 | 535 | 310 | 7210 | 10100 | 10100 | 14420 |
157 | 570 | 345 | 7600 | 10640 | 10640 | 15190 |
162 | 575 | 375 | 7990 | 11180 | 11180 | 15970 |